Can I run Qwen-72B on an RTX 5090?

No

Even its smallest file (4-bit (estimate), 40.7 GB) is more than an RTX 5090 can hold (28.8 GB usable): it needs 2 of them.

Files and context on RTX 5090

Each file of Qwen-72B (and of GGUF versions the site has analyzed), and how much context fits next to it, with the context cache in 16-bit or 8-bit.

Qwen-72B on other hardware

Popular models that run on RTX 5090

Assumes 90% of the card's memory is usable and at least 4K tokens of context for one conversation, with the context cache in 16-bit unless noted. Fits leaves at least 20% of that memory for context; Tight leaves less.