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Can I run Qwen2.5-1.5B on an RTX 5090?

Yes

Its published weights (3.09 GB) fit in the 28.8 GB an RTX 5090 can use, with room for ≈ 128K tokens of context.

Full analysis of Qwen2.5-1.5B Everything that runs on RTX 5090 Get the weights on Hugging Face
hf download Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B

Files and context on RTX 5090

Each file of Qwen2.5-1.5B (and of GGUF versions the site has analyzed), and how much context fits next to it, with the context cache in 16-bit or 8-bit.

FileSizeOn RTX 5090 Context (16-bit)Context (8-bit)
As published3.09 GBFits128K128K
4-bit (estimate)868 MBFits128K128K

Qwen2.5-1.5B on other hardware

Popular models that run on RTX 5090

Assumes 90% of the card's memory is usable and at least 4K tokens of context for one conversation, with the context cache in 16-bit unless noted. Fits leaves at least 20% of that memory for context; Tight leaves less.